VO2/GaAs异质结的制备及其光电特性研究

采用直流磁控溅射和后退火氧化工艺在p型GaAs单晶衬底上成功制备了n-VO_2/pGaAs异质结,研究了不同退火温度和退火时间对VO_2/GaAs异质结性能的影响,并分析其结晶取向、化学组分、膜层质量以及光电特性。结果表明,在退火时间2 h和退火温度693 K下能得到相变性能最佳的VO_2薄膜,相变前后电阻变化约2个数量级。VO_2/GaAs异质结在308 K、318 K和328 K温度下具有较好的整流特性,对应温度下的阈值跳变电压分别为6.9 V、6.6 V和6.2 V,该结果为基于VO_2相变特性的异质结光电器件的设计与应用提供了可行性。     

海蜇Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的提取及结构特性研究

以海蜇为原料，采用盐酸-胃蛋白酶法提取胶原蛋白，并通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis，SDS-PAGE）、紫外光谱（UV-visible spectroscopy，UV）、氨基酸分析、红外光谱（Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy，FTIR）、圆二色谱（Circular dichroism，CD）以及扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscope，SEM）对其结构特性进行了系统全面的研究。结果显示，海蜇胶原蛋白在135 kDa左右有一条α-链，在245 kDa以上有一条β-链和γ-链，紫外吸收峰在233 nm处，符合I型胶原蛋白的特征，其亚基组成可能为[α₁(I)]₃。海蜇胶原蛋白中含量最高的氨基酸为甘氨酸，占氨基酸总量的25.99%，且含有15.94%的亚氨基酸。红外光谱和圆二色谱均表明海蜇胶原蛋白分子排布紧凑，具有主要由氢键构成的完整三螺旋结构。扫描电镜结果显示海蜇胶原蛋白具有多层聚集、以纤维为主的无规则网状结构。     

Combination of dynamic features with a new mask to optimize neural network speech enhancement

Concerning the problem that the Neural Network speech enhancement algorithm cannot fully represent the nonlinear structure of speech due to feature selection,which leads to speech distortion.This paper proposes the combination of dynamic features with a new mask to optimize neural network speech enhancement.First,three features of noisy speech are extracted and spliced to obtain static features.Then,the first and second difference derivatives are obtained to capture the instantaneous signals of speech and fuse them into dynamic features.The combination of dynamic and static features completes internal complementarity of features and reduced speech distortion.Second,in order to enhance the intelligibility and clarity of speech at the same time,an adaptive mask is proposed,which can adjust the energy ratio of speech and noise as well as the ratio of the traditional mask and the square root mask.The Gammatone channel weight is used to modify the mask value in each channel to simulate the human auditory system and further improve the speech intelligibility.Finally,the simulation of multiple voices under different noise backgrounds shows that compared with different literature algorithms,the algorithm has a higher SNR,subjective speech quality and short-term objective intelligibility,which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

热烫温度对小麦面团介观特性的影响机制

本实验以热烫面团为研究对象，通过凯氏定氮法、粒径分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及快速黏度分析等手段，研究55、65、75、85 ℃和95 ℃热烫温度下小麦面团中麦谷蛋白大聚体的质量分数、粒径分布、蛋白质二级结构以及面团中淀粉的糊化特性的变化情况。结果表明：随着热烫温度的升高，面团中麦谷蛋白大聚体质量分数呈现显著增大的趋势（P＜0.05），小粒径的麦谷蛋白大聚体向中粒径和大粒径转变；面团中蛋白质二级结构发生变化，部分α-螺旋和β-折叠结构转变为β-转角和无规卷曲。同时，面团中淀粉的糊化度随着热烫温度的升高逐渐增大；淀粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值和峰值时间均呈现出减小的趋势，在热烫温度高于75 ℃时，这种变化更加显著。     

Flame characteristics of premixed H2-air mixtures explosion venting in a spherical container through a duct

The explosion venting duct can effectively reduce the hazard degree of a gas explosion and conduct the venting energy to the safe area. To investigate the flame quantitative propagation law of explosion venting with a duct, the effects of hydrogen fraction and explosion venting duct length on jet flame propagation characteristics of premixed H₂-air mixtures were analyzed through experiment and simulation. The experiment results under initial conditions of room temperature and 1 atm show that when hydrogen fraction was high enough, part of the unburned hydrogen was mixed with air again to reach an ignitable concentration, resulting in the secondary combustion was easier produced and the duration of the secondary flame increased. With the increase of venting duct length, the flame front distance and propagation velocity increased. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of pressure field and temperature field, and the propagation process and mechanism of the flame venting with a duct were analyzed using FLUENT software. The variation of the pressure wave and the pressure reflection oscillation law in the explosion venting duct was captured. Therefore, in the industrial explosion venting design with a duct, the hazard caused by the coupling of venting pressure and venting flame under different fractions should be considered comprehensively.     

典型废玻璃回收厂区空气颗粒物及噪声分布特征研究

以某典型废玻璃回收厂区作为研究对象, 监测和分析了车间及厂区内部的噪声强度、空气颗粒物(PM_2.5、PM₁₀) 浓度等环境指标, 点位布设涵盖了车间入口、人工分拣、物料筛分、破碎、干法清洗等关键工艺环节; 其次, 解析了空气颗粒物的组分及形貌特征, 并对其在厂区及车间内部的时空分布特征进行了研究; 此外, 利用噪声控制模型模拟并分析了隔声罩对噪声的控制作用。结果表明, 生产车间中工作态的空气颗粒物浓度显著高于非工作态, 其中干法清洗区浓度最高, 其PM_2.5 浓度为3.725 mg/m³, PM₁₀浓度为4.055 mg/m³; 噪声监测结果显示生产车间内噪声强度较高, 达到99.5 dB, 而引入隔声罩后噪声强度可降至67 dB, 结果表明, 隔声罩可有效控制频率为125~1 000 Hz 的噪声。该研究可为废玻璃的绿色、高效回收处置提供理论基础和实践经验。     

Early hydration properties and microstructure evolutions of MgO-activated slag materials at different curing temperatures

This study reports on the early hydration properties and microstructure evolutions of MgO-activated slag at five curing temperatures (20 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C) and three MgO types (S-MgO, M ? MgO, and R-MgO). The results indicated that high-temperature curing substantially increased the compressive strength of the specimens. Particularly, the highest strength was obtained at 40 °C and 60 °C for the S-MgO and M-MgO-activated slag specimens, respectively, and the high curing temperature for the R-MgO-activated slag specimen was 40 °C. We focused on the relationship between the mechanical properties, pore structure characteristics, and hydration products. The combination of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel and Al increased under high-temperature curing conditions. XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTG, and ²⁷Al MAS-NMR results showed a high Al content in the formation of calcium silicate hydrate with Al in its structure (C-A-S-H gel) for the R-MgO-activated slag pastes under high-temperature curing; however, the microstructure was loose owing to the formation of excessive brucite. For the S-MgO-activated slag specimen, the Ca/Si ratio was high, with more Mg²⁺ penetrating the C-S-H gel interlayer, forming more hydrotalcite-like phases and increasing the chain length of the C-S-H gel. The microstructure showed good compatibility of the hydration products interweaving to form dense microstructures.     

斑衣蜡蝉在葡萄上的危害及防治措施

斑衣蜡蝉是一种危害多种林木和果树的重要刺吸性害虫,主要分布于中国、日本、越南、韩国、印度和美国等地。该虫在经济林木中最喜危害葡萄,目前在宁夏地区随着转换寄主,现已扩散到了部分葡萄园,成为贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的重要虫害之一。为全面了解其研究进展,本文概述了国内外关于斑衣蜡蝉的寄主植物、形态特征、危害状况、发生规律、生活习性、诱发因素及防治措施等研究现状,以期为防治该虫,寻求进一步研究方向及探讨新的防治途径提供帮助。     

荔浦市岩质崩塌形成条件及失稳运动特征

通过对荔浦市境内碳酸盐岩区岩质崩塌及该区域地质环境条件的调查,总结了岩质崩塌的规模、发育高度、控制结构面等发育特征,分析了岩质崩塌形成条件,并判断岩质崩塌的失稳运动特征。本文以一处危岩为例,用无人机进行三维扫描并分析其形成原因及预测其失稳运动特征。     

气藏型储气库注气期试井分析探讨

针对气藏型储气库注采井注采过程中储层物性参数影响因素不明确、注采能力不对称的问题。基于相国寺储气库井下连续油管试井测试结果,提出储气库注气期“温降效应”、“变表皮效应”的概念,分析了储气库注采过程中温降效应、变表皮效应以及储层应力敏感对注采的影响。通过气藏型储气库注气期试井分析技术,研究各因素在试井曲线上的响应特征以及对试井解释参数的影响。结果表明:①相对于采气期试井测试,注气期测试得到的储层物性参数具有同样的参考价值;②储气库温降效应对于试井解释结果的影响可忽略不计,而在不同注采运行周期内,变表皮效应以及应力敏感效应影响差异较大;③编制储气库注采运行方案时应充分考虑变表皮效应与应力敏感的影响,在不同注采运行周期内开展试井测试获取准确的储层参数值。研究成果为储气库试井测试与解释提供了重要的研究依据和理论指导。